{"id":353,"date":"2013-03-29T15:52:31","date_gmt":"2013-03-29T13:52:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/esyakutuphanesi.com\/?p=353"},"modified":"2013-03-29T15:52:31","modified_gmt":"2013-03-29T13:52:31","slug":"ortak-tuketim-oldu-yasasin-gercek-paylasim-ekonomisi-2-kisim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aysuerdogdu.com\/esk_blog\/ortak-tuketim-oldu-yasasin-gercek-paylasim-ekonomisi-2-kisim\/","title":{"rendered":"Ortak t\u00fcketim \u00f6ld\u00fc, ya\u015fas\u0131n ger\u00e7ek payla\u015f\u0131m ekonomisi \u2013 2. k\u0131s\u0131m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Neal Gorenflo<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan 19 Mart 2013 tarihinde PandoDaily i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan yaz\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrilmi\u015f halinin ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7evirisinin ilk k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 buradan<\/a>, yaz\u0131n\u0131n orjinalini de buradan<\/a> okuyabilirsiniz.
\n<\/em>
\n… E\u011fer g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc bir saniye i\u00e7in son teknoloji \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden ay\u0131rabilirsek, de\u011ferlerden olu\u015fan ve zaman ile s\u0131nanmakta olan\u00a0ger\u00e7ek payla\u015f\u0131m ekonomisini g\u00f6rme \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 yakalayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kooperatifler<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ok uluslu \u015firketler, insanlara olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in deli gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlarken, \u00fcye finansmanl\u0131, \u00fcye sermayeli ve demokratik y\u00f6netilen kooperatif i\u015fletmeler art\u0131\u015fta. Asl\u0131nda, kooperatifler, \u00e7ok uluslu \u015firketlerden daha fazla ki\u015fi istihdam ediyorlar, daha iyi maa\u015flar veriyorlar ve vergilerin kendilerine d\u00fc\u015fen k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6derken, ekonomik krizleri de daha kolay atlat\u0131yorlar. \u015eu an d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 800 milyondan fazla ki\u015fi bir kooperatif \u00fcyesi.<\/p>\n

\u0130spanya ve \u0130talya\u2019da kooperatiflerin \u00e7o\u011funlukta oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeler mevcut ve bu b\u00f6lgelerde daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir orta s\u0131n\u0131f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u0130spanya\u2019da hemen herkesin orta s\u0131n\u0131f oldu\u011fu Mondragon isimli bir kasaba var, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnyadaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck kooperatif olan \u201cThe Mondragon Corporation\u201d\u0131n ana merkezi burada ve bu \u015firketin temel amac\u0131 kar etmek de\u011fil, tam istihdam sa\u011flamak. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, kooperatiflerin istihdam yaratmak ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yoksullu\u011fu azaltmak i\u00e7in kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f yetene\u011fini tasdik etmek ad\u0131na, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 Kooperatif Y\u0131l\u0131<\/a> ilan etti. Kooperatifler y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda istikrarl\u0131 \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcmekteler.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k Kaynakl\u0131 Yaz\u0131l\u0131m<\/b><\/p>\n

Toplamda yar\u0131m trilyon dolar etmekte olan 200,000\u2019den fazla a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m projesi mevcut. \u0130nternet hemen t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki yaz\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00fccretsiz olarak yap\u0131lan yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta. Startup\u2019lar\u0131n, hizmetlerini kurabilmeleri i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 ara\u00e7lara duydu\u011fu ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulunca, bu kadar sa\u011flam bir teknoloji start-up sahnesinin a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar olmadan yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kamu Bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Kamu Bankalar\u0131<\/a> kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyatl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131 duyarl\u0131l\u0131kla veren ve devlet hazinelerinin kazanc\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunan devlet bankalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada bir\u00e7ok kamu bankas\u0131 vard\u0131r, ancak Kuzey Dakota\u2019da Amerika\u2019daki tek kamu bankas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r; Kuzey Dakota Bankas\u0131 – KDB. KDB, b\u00fcy\u00fck kredileri eyalet \u00e7ap\u0131nda ula\u015f\u0131labilir hale getirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bankalarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, devlet hazinesine y\u00fcz milyonlarca dolar katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Kuzey Dakota\u2019n\u0131n Subprime krizi<\/a> s\u0131ras\u0131nda istikrara kavu\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Kamu Bankalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden John David \u201c\u015eu anda, Kuzey Dakota’n\u0131n \u2013 k\u0131smen KDB\u2019nin yard\u0131msever etkisi sayesinde- i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck orand\u0131r (yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 4\u2019\u00fcn biraz \u00fczerinde), hi\u00e7 hizmet borcu yoktur ve 1.1 milyar dolar sermaye fazlas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Eyalette hi\u00e7 banka iflas\u0131 ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve son iki y\u0131lda b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan tek eyalettir.” diye belirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kuzey Dakota Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, ba\u015fkalar\u0131na da bu yolu izlemeleri i\u00e7in ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece, 20 Eyalet, Kamu Bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokmu\u015ftur<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kredi Birlikleri<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar, Wall Street yolsuzluklar\u0131ndan ve y\u00fcksek bankac\u0131l\u0131k \u00fccretlerinden b\u00fcy\u00fck rahats\u0131zl\u0131k duymaya ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a, t\u00fcketiciye ait kredi kooperatiflerinin say\u0131s\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/a>. 2012\u2019de \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mi\u015ftirler. Toplamda 1 trilyon dolardan fazla malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahiptirler ve Goldman Sachs\u2019\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7erek Amerika\u2019daki be\u015finci en b\u00fcy\u00fck banka olma yolundad\u0131rlar. Tabi bunda \u00fcyeli\u011fin son zamanlarda aniden y\u00fckselmesinin de yard\u0131m\u0131 yok de\u011fildir \u2013 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 ikiye katlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/a>. Toplamda Amerika\u2019da\u00a0 92 milyon\u2019dan fazla kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sahip, 7,000\u2019den fazla kredi birli\u011fi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin sebebi nedir peki? Halk tabakas\u0131na g\u00f6sterdikleri ilgidir. Kredi birlikleri genellikle, \u00f6zel bankalara k\u0131yasla mevduata daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretler ve y\u00fcksek faizler sunmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar yak\u0131n topluma hizmet etmeye odakl\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00e7o\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli topluluklara hizmet etmek i\u00e7in kiralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 B\u00fct\u00e7eleme<\/b><\/p>\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 B\u00fct\u00e7eleme<\/a> (KB) vatanda\u015flar\u0131n, \u015fehir b\u00fct\u00e7esinin bir diliminin, kendi mahallelerinde nas\u0131l harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131na birlikte karar vermesi durumudur. Yaln\u0131zca ekonomik bir\u015fey de\u011fildir, ancak kentsel altyap\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmeleri \u00f6nemli bir uyar\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ekonomik etkileri de vard\u0131r. KB kullanan \u015fehirler d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 1,500\u2019den fazlad\u0131r. KB, harcama \u00f6nceliklerine karar verilen ve \u015fehir paras\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na emin olan forumlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile sosyal sermayeler yarat\u0131r. Amerika\u2019da yaln\u0131zca d\u00f6rt \u015fehir KB kullanmaktad\u0131r ve bunlar hen\u00fcz pilot a\u015famas\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. Bununla beraber \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fehirler Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 B\u00fct\u00e7eleme<\/a> projesi sayesinde konuyu de\u011ferlendirmektedir.<\/p>\n

Gazetecilerle ger\u00e7ek payla\u015f\u0131m ekonomisi hakk\u0131nda konu\u015furken onlar bunu duymak istemiyorlar. Sunset Magazine<\/a>\u2019den gelmi\u015f dahi olsalar yaln\u0131zca teknolojiden bahsetmek istiyorlar.<\/p>\n

As\u0131l \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olan \u015fey, milyarlarca insan yoksulluk i\u00e7erisindeyken, medyan\u0131n, bu insanlara as\u0131l istedikleri \u015fey olan ekonomik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi verebilecek konular\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelmesidir. T\u00fcm dikkatlerini, payla\u015f\u0131m ekonomisinin, de\u011ferler yerine b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve kar elde etme ama\u00e7l\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in se\u00e7ilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck olan bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck, teknoloji odakl\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131na, vermekte direnmektedirler.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek payla\u015f\u0131m ekonomisine olan medya k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yaln\u0131zca benim deneyimledi\u011fim bir \u015fey de\u011fil, bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar taraf\u0131ndan da destekleniyor<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"url\"<\/p>\n

Teknolojinin bizim \u00fczerimizdeki b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc. Teknolojinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sersemlikten uyan\u0131p kendimizi kurtarabilecek miyiz acaba? Yoksa, tozlar i\u00e7erisinde, son kalan iPad’in ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak \u00e7\u00f6melmi\u015f, hi\u00e7 gelmeyecek bir sonraki Tweet\u2019i bekleyen post- apokaliptik bir kargo k\u00fclt\u00fcne<\/a> mi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fiz?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Neal Gorenflo taraf\u0131ndan 19 Mart 2013 tarihinde PandoDaily i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan yaz\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrilmi\u015f halinin ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7evirisinin ilk k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 buradan, yaz\u0131n\u0131n orjinalini de buradan okuyabilirsiniz. … E\u011fer g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc bir saniye i\u00e7in son teknoloji \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden ay\u0131rabilirsek, de\u011ferlerden olu\u015fan ve zaman ile s\u0131nanmakta olan\u00a0ger\u00e7ek payla\u015f\u0131m ekonomisini g\u00f6rme \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 yakalayabiliriz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,2],"tags":[13,35,117,122,126,134,135],"class_list":["post-353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paylasim-kulturu","category-hepsi","tag-airbnb","tag-ceviri","tag-neal-gorenflo","tag-ortak-tuketim","tag-paylasim-ekonomisi","tag-shareable","tag-shareconomy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aysuerdogdu.com\/esk_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aysuerdogdu.com\/esk_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aysuerdogdu.com\/esk_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aysuerdogdu.com\/esk_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aysuerdogdu.com\/esk_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=353"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/aysuerdogdu.com\/esk_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/353\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aysuerdogdu.com\/esk_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aysuerdogdu.com\/esk_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=353"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aysuerdogdu.com\/esk_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}